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 The Cinema!

The cinema is a form of modern art, and one of the biggest cultural phenomena, born in the late nineteenth century, also known as the seventh art.

The rapid succession of images that contain a fractional recovery of the same action is the basis of the illusion that we know as cinema.

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[Edit] Movement illusioneDiffusa as is the belief that the phenomenon of persistence of vision on the retina allows the viewer to have the illusion of movement. This statement is wrong. The phenomenon now described as the eye can perceive a continuous light beam that, in contrast, is a rapid sequence of flashes (in the professional cinema 48 per second, equivalent to 24 frames per second: each frame is illuminated twice) ; the illusion of movement is the work of the brain which, according to mechanisms not yet completely clarified, "assembles" the barrage of images that are transmitted in a unified way by himself, creating the illusion that these images are in motion.

ccording to some studies, the perception of motion you already have with only six images per second, although, of course, the fluidity of the action is very low. The first silent films were shot at about sixteen frames per second, the standard of 24 frames was coded only with the advent of sound film to obtain a linear speed of the film sufficient to yield a decent sound track.

[Edit] ProiezioneLe films are projected in these special rooms or just movie cinemas, theaters for the most part adapted to accommodate a stage and screen instead of a projector in the back of the room, today, given the number and kinds of expertise in cinema The trend is to bring more movie theaters of different sizes in a single structure created for this purpose, the cinema or simply multiplexes.

[Edit] Cinemas

An electronic device of the type used today in a modern DLP projector digitaleI first places to host film screenings in the theaters were adapted for the occasion with a screen. Initially, in fact, being silent films were not needed for the reproduction of sound equipment, and any room to suit the needs. Often, the owners of the local employment of musicians, usually a pianist to accompany the show musically.

With the advent of sound, even the cinemas had to adapt to the needs of what was starting to become a rich business, and gave birth to the first real cinema, exclusively devoted to films. Thus began the first golden age of cinema halls and spread rapidly throughout the world.

The oldest Italian cinema still in operation, which opened December 15, 1905 and designed by Luigi Bellincioni is located in Pisa on the back of Palazzo Agostini: Cinema Lumière. On October 19, 1906 was made the first sound film experiment by Professor Peter Pierce, University of Pisa, patented by Fabbrica Pisana Talk of films under the term 'electrical system for synchronization of movements' and, having improved operation, such as 'Isosincronizzatore'.

Since their first appearance in 1957 [1] have become popular recently by the cinema, which exploit the recall of more films and smaller rooms to maximize revenues.

A curiosity: the smallest cinema in the world is in Italy. The Cinema dei Piccoli, with 63 seats, is in Rome in the park of Villa Borghese, dating back to 1934. It was built by Alfredo Hannibal and now covers an area of ​​71.52 square meters. Originally it was called Mickey. Restored in 1991, has a screen size of 5 meters x 2.5 meters, stereo sound and air conditioning. It is in the Guinness Book of Records.

[Edit] Drive-InI Drive-In, Inside Rail-literally translated, are a particular form of cinema that is especially common in the United States of America during the fifties and sixties, which consisted of outdoor film screenings, where one could bear to see the movie in the car, settling into their pitches in front of the screen, beside the speakers for the audio (in some cases was transmitted over radio frequencies on which we could tune the system car stereo).

[Edit] Film History Main articles: History of Pre-cinema and cinema.

The first rudimentary cinematography were simple development of the magic lantern and similar optical instruments, which could be used to project still images, but in quick succession, to ensure that the human eye perceives movement through their rapid succession. Of course, the images used for such instruments were to be chosen and prepared with care to achieve the desired effect. Using images similar to each other, but with minor differences, could transmit to the perception of the effect of the movement. The principle is still applied in the field of animation.

With the development of photography, and particularly the motion picture film (film) of celluloid, it became possible to record images "in the continuum." Use of the film, moreover, was far more comfortable for a system of image projection to an audience, at the time when they used instruments that could be used by a person at a time, which was to look into the object.

On December 28, 1895 the Lumière brothers projected the Grand Café des Capucines in Paris ten films about a minute each, including a close up of one of his brothers and his wife who gave food to their child and the arroseur arrosé (The water washed).

The intent of the Lumiere brothers had to give the viewer the feeling of truth, and they got it fully. In fact, in one of their first short resumed a train station that was part and anyone who saw the train was afraid that it overwhelm.

The cinema was initially purely visual art. However, when a film was screened in a cinema, mostly tailored to the theaters, the owners of the local employment of musicians to accompany the slideshow with music. The musicians, usually piano, trying to fit the pieces played with what was shown on the screen.

Later, technological development made it possible to create a soundtrack synchronized with the images on the screen, and could be recorded separately from shooting the film. The sound films were initially known as "talking film".

The last decisive step which led to the modern conception of the cinema was the introduction of color, which was adopted more gradually than the sound. With the development of technology, more and more films made use of color, and is now almost universal practice now, unlike the photo, where the black and white has survived for several reasons. But still, in many cases, the postulate of Eisenstein on the white-black art form is collected: for example, a number of directors of the era of color as the de Wim Wenders "Wings of Desire", Michelangelo Antonioni and Federico Fellini . When the film returns to its original splendor, the black and white to emphasize again that the magic lantern is still able to enchant the reality.

[Edit] Film production Main article: Film Production.

If a film is something quite simple and economical, but its creation is a real company that generally requires the coordination of a crew of hundreds of people, the use of expensive machinery and equipment, the planning many different activities, sometimes contemporary, and the investment of large sums of money: turn (create) a film in a professional manner, even in economy, cost figures, however, the order of one million euro. Against these costs and these difficulties could a film that has happened, can make extraordinary statistics. On the other hand, if you do not like the film, the loss is very serious. It must be said that with the advent of digital, however, the reduction of costs for completion of the film is remarkable, and you can make films with small crews, sometimes consisting of six or seven people.

In general, the phases of production: project development, pre-production, processing and post-production ..